ABOUT

1G Technology:

·         1G refers to the first generation of wireless telephone technology, mobile telecommunications which was first introduced in 1980s and completed in early 1990s.

·         It’s Speed was upto 2.4kbps, allowed the voice calls in 1 country.

·         It used Analog Signal and AMPS was first launched in USA in 1G mobile systems

Drawbacks:

·         Poor Voice Quality

·         Poor Battery Life

·         Large Phone Size

·         No Security

·         Limited Capacity

·         Poor Handoff Reliability

2G Technology:

·         2G technology refers to the 2nd generation which is based on GSM.

·         It was launched in Finland in the year 1991 and used digital signals.

·         It’s data speed was upto 64kbps.

Features include:

·         It enables services such as text messages, picture messages and MMS (multi media message).

·         It provides better quality and capacity.

Drawbacks:

·         2G requires strong digital signals to help mobile phones work. If there is no network coverage in any specific area ,digital signals would weak.

·         These systems are unable to handle complex data such as Videos.

2.5G Technology

2.5G is a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generation of mobile telephony.
It is sometimes described as 2G Cellular Technology combined with GPRS.

Features Includes:

·         Phone Calls

·         Send/Receive E-mail Messages

·         Web Browsing

·         Speed : 64-144 kbps

·         Camera Phones

3G Technology:

·         3G technology refer to third generation which was introduced in year 2000s.

·         Data Transmission speed increased from 144kbps- 2Mbps.

·         Typically called Smart Phones and features increased its bandwidth and data transfer rates to accommodate web-based applications and audio and video files.

Features Include:

·         Providing Faster Communication

·         Send/Receive Large Email Messages

·         High Speed Web / More Security

·         Video Conferencing / 3D Gaming

·         TV Streaming/ Mobile TV/ Phone Calls

·         Large Capacities and Broadband Capabilities

·         11 sec – 1.5 min. time to download a 3 min Mp3 song.

Drawbacks:

·         Expensive fees for 3G Licenses Services

·         It was challenge to build the infrastructure for 3G

·         High Bandwidth Requirement

·         Expensive 3G Phones.

·         Large Cell Phones

4G Technology:

·         4G technology refer to or short name of fourth Generation which was started from late 2000s.

·         Capable of providing 100Mbps – 1Gbps speed.

·         One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC.

MAGIC:

·         Mobile Multimedia

·         Ubiquitous

·         Global Mobility Support

·         Integrated Wireless Solution

·         Customized Personal Services

·         Also known as Mobile Broadband Everywhere

·         The next generations of wireless technology that promises higher data rates and expanded multimedia services.

·         Capable to provide speed 100Mbps-1Gbps.

·         High QOS and High Security

·         Provide any kind of service at any time as per user requirements, anywhere.

Features Include:

·         More Security

·         High Speed

·         High Capacity

·         Low Cost Per-bit

Drawbacks:

·         Battery uses is more

·         Hard to implement

·         Need complicated hardware

·         Expensive equipment required to implement next generation network.

The basic difference between 3G and 4G is in data transfer and signal quality.

Parameters	1G	2G	3G	4G
Name	1st Generation Mobile Network	2nd Generation Mobile Network	3rd Generation Mobile Network	4th Generation Mobile Network
Introduced in year	1980s	1993	2001	2009
Location of first commercialization	USA	Finland	Japan	South Korea
Technology	AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System), NMT, TACS	IS-95, GSM	IMT2000, WCDMA	LTE, WiMAX
Multiple Address/Access system	FDMA	TDMA, CDMA	CDMA	CDMA
Switching type	Circuit switching	Circuit switching for Voice and Packet switching for Data	Packet switching except for Air Interface	Packet switching
Speed (data rates)	2.4 Kbps to 14.4 kbps	14.4 Kbps	3.1 Mbps	100 Mbps
Special Characteristic	First wireless communication	Digital version of 1G technology	Digital broadband, speed increments	Very high speeds, All IP
Features	Voice only	Multiple users on single channel	Multimedia features, Video Call	High Speed, real time streaming
Supports	Voice only	Voice and Data	Voice and Data	Voice and Data
Internet service	No Internet	Narrowband	Broadband	Ultra Broadband
Bandwidth	Analog	25 MHz	25 MHz	100 MHz
Operating frequencies	800 MHz	GSM: 900MHZ, 1800MHz CDMA: 800MHz	2100 MHz	850 MHz, 1800 MHz
Band (Frequency) type	Narrow band	Narrow band	Wide band	Ultra Wide Band
Carrier frequency	30 KHZ	200 KHz	5 MHz	15 MHz
Advantage	Simpler (less complex) network elements	Multimedia features (SMS, MMS), Internet access and SIM introduced	High security, international roaming	Speed, High speed handoffs, MIMO technology, Global mobility
Disadvantages	Limited capacity, not secure, poor battery life, large phone size, background interference	Low network range, slow data rates	High power consumption, Low network coverage, High cost of spectrum licence	Hard to implement, complicated hardware required
Applications	Voice Calls	Voice calls, Short messages, browsing (partial)	Video conferencing, mobile TV, GPS	High speed applications, mobile TV, Wearable device